E. Hyperfunction of the insular apparatus
20. On examination the patient is found to have low production of adrenocorticotropic hormone. How would this affect production of the other hormones?
A. Decrease adrenocorticotropic hormones synthesis
B. Decrease hormone synthesis in the adrenal medulla
C. Decrease insulin synthesis
D. Increase sex hormones synthesis
E. Increase thyroid hormones synthesis
Pathophysiology of the nervous system A patient complains that at the bare mention of the tragic events that once occurred in his life he experiences tachycardia, dyspnea and an abrupt rise in blood pressure. What structures of the CNS are responsible for these cardiorespiratory reactions in this patient?
Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Lateral hypothalamic nuclei
Specific thalamic nuclei
Quadrigemina of mesencephalon
As a result of a continuous chronic encephalopathy, a patient has developed spontaneous motions and a disorder of torso muscle tone. These are the symptoms of the disorder of the following conduction tract:
Tractus rubrospinalis
Tractus corticospinalis
Tractus corticonuclearis
Tractus spinothalamicus
Tractus tectospinalis
A patient complaining of pain in the left shoulder-blade region has been diagnosed with miocardial infarction. What kind of pain does the patient have?
Radiating
Visceral
Phantom
Protopathic
Epicritic
After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37, 5oC. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
Protopathic
Epicritic
Visceral
Heterotopic
Phantom
A patient got a gunshot wound of hip which damaged the sciatic nerve. Any impact on the affected limb causes severe, excruciating pain. What mechanism of pain is most likely in this case?
Causalgic
Reflex
Phantom
Endorphin hypofunction
Enkephalin hypofunction
An animal has an increased tonus of extensor muscles. This is the result of enhanced information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord through the following descending pathways:
Vestibulospinal
Medial corticospinal
Reticulospinal
Rubrospinal
Lateral corticospinal
During an animal experiment, surgical damage of certain brain structures has caused deep prolonged sleep. What structure is most likely to cause such condition, if damaged?
Reticular formation
Basal ganglion
Red nuclei
Hippocampus
Cerebral cortex
In a cat with decerebrate rigidity themuscle tone is to be decreased. This can be achieved by:
Destruction of the vestibular nuclei of Deiters
Stimulation of the otolithic vestibular receptors
Stimulation of the vestibular nuclei of Deiters
Stimulation of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Stimulation of the ampullar vestibular receptors
As a result of an injury, the integrity of the anterior spinal cord root was broken. Specify the neurons and their processes that had been damaged:
Axons of motor neurons
Motor neuron dendrites
Axons of sensory neurons
Dendrites of sensory neurons
Dendrites of association neurons
A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Rubrospinal tract
Reticulospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia movements, dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:
Cerebellum
A male with a lesion of one of the CNS parts has asthenia, muscular dystonia, balance disorder. Which CNS part has been affected?
Cerebellum
Black substance
Reticular formation
Red nuclei
Vestibular nuclei
Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause these symptoms?
Hypothalamus
Cerebral peduncles (cruces cerebri)
Mesencephalic tegmentum
Pons cerebelli
Medulla
A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convulsions. He has a lifetime history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calcium - 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor - 1,9 millimole/l. These changes are associated with:
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypoaldosteronism
Hypothyroidism
A 49-year old female patient has limitation of left limbs arbitrary movements.
Muscular tonus of left hand and leg is overstrained and spasmodic, local tendon reflexes are strong, pathological reflexes are presented. What is the most likely development mechanism of hypertension and hyperreflexia?
Reduction of descending inhibitory
Motoneuron activation induced by stroke
Activation of excitatory influence from the focus of stroke
Activation of synaptic transmission
Inhibition of cerebral cortex motoneurons
A patient underwent an extraction of a part of a CNS structures by medical indications. As a result of the extraction the patient developed atony, astasia, intention tremor, ataxy and adiadochokinesis. Which part of CNS structure had been extracted?
Cerebellum
Amygdaloid corpus
Hippocamp
Basal ganglions
Limbic system
A patient with hypertension has developed headache, tinnitus, vomiting, high BP up to 220/160 mm Hg. On examination: facial asymmetry on the right, volitional mobility is absent, increased tendon reflexes and muscle tone of extremities on the right. What motor disorder of nervous system occurred in this case?